哈尔岑独获2026年诺贝尔物理学奖

yun2026

哈尔岑独获2026年诺贝尔物理学奖

2026年9月，麻省理工学院工程团队展示一种依靠活体肌肉细胞游动的薄片机器人。它以凝胶膜作为骨架，两侧形成类似鱼鳍的结构，表面覆盖一层经过工程处理、能够响应光刺激的肌肉细胞。研究人员照射其中一侧时，对应细胞收缩带动鱼鳍摆动，通过改变照射位置和节奏控制转向与速度。

团队优化凝胶硬度、厚度和微槽形状，使细胞排列更整齐，产生的力量能够有效传递到骨架。实验中，这个约口香糖片大小的装置穿过简单水下迷宫，最快每分钟游过约四个体长。与需要大量细胞和较厚肌肉组织的生物混合机器人相比，薄层设计提供了更轻巧的实现路线。当前原型由外部光源引导，研究重点是证明少量肌肉组织也能产生足够推进力。后续将继续改进外形和游动效率，并探索在脆弱水环境中开展监测等用途，距离自主执行复杂任务仍有发展空间。

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